Volcano
A Volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape.
Type- There are 3 type of volcano.
Active Volcano
Dormant Volcano
Solar System
The solar system consists of the Sun and its eight planets.
The Sun is orbited by planets, Asteroids, comets and other things.
Age of solar system- 4.568 billion years
Features borrowed from other countries
United Kingdom-
Parliamentary Government
Concept of Single Citizenship
Rule of Law
The legislative speaker and their role
Legislative procedure
 United States-
Parts of Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement. Now the Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules.
Schedule of Constitution
Lists India’s states and territories, changes in their borders and the laws used to make that change.
Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the comptroller and auditor general.
Jainism
Jainism is known as Jain Dharma. It is a very ancient religion.It teaches that the way to liberation and bliss is to live a life of harmless ness and renunciation.
Followers of Jain dharma is khown as ‘jains’.
There were 24 Jain Tirthankaras.
Aryan Civilization
The Aryans migrated from their ancestral home near the Caucusus mountains, north of the black sea in Central Asia. they entered the Indus valley through the fabled Khyber Pass.
Longitude and Latitude
Longitude and Latitude are imaginary lines drawn on maps to easily locate places on the earth. Both are measured in terms of the 360 degrees of a circle.
Longitude- Longitude is a geographic coordinates that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth’s surface
Layer of Atmosphere
Atmosphere- the atmosphere of Earth is the layer of Gases, commonly known as air, that surrounded the planet Earth.
There are 5 layer of Atmosphere-
Buddhism
Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India.
Gautam Buddha was born on a Baisakhi Purnima in 607 B.C. His father’s name was Suddhodana and mother’s name was Mayadevi. He was married to his cousin Yasodhara.